A Plain English Guide to Computer Specs: Understanding RAM, CPU, GPU and More

Shopping for a new computer but feeling overwhelmed by all those numbers and acronyms? You’re not alone. As computer repair experts who’ve helped thousands of customers choose the right computer, we’ve learned how to explain tech specs without the confusing jargon. Whether you’re buying a new laptop for work, setting up a gaming PC, or just trying to understand if your current computer needs an upgrade, this guide will help you understand exactly what matters – in plain English.

RAM: Your Computer’s Working Memory

Think of RAM like your computer’s short-term memory. Just as you use your memory to juggle multiple tasks at once, your computer uses RAM to handle everything that’s currently running.

What You Need to Know About RAM:

• 8GB: Good for basic tasks like email, web browsing, and Microsoft Office
• 16GB: Better for multitasking, photo editing, and light gaming
• 32GB or more: Best for video editing, serious gaming, or running multiple demanding programs

Pro Tip: If your computer feels slow when switching between programs, you probably need more RAM.

CPU (Processor): Your Computer’s Brain

The CPU is your computer’s brain – it’s what actually does the thinking. When you see something like “Intel Core i5” or “AMD Ryzen 7”, that’s the CPU.

Understanding CPU Names:

• Intel Core i3/AMD Ryzen 3: Good for basic computing and web browsing
• Intel Core i5/AMD Ryzen 5: Great for most users – handles multitasking and moderate gaming well
• Intel Core i7/AMD Ryzen 7: Perfect for demanding tasks like video editing or serious gaming
• Intel Core i9/AMD Ryzen 9: High-end processors for professional work or extreme gaming

Pro Tip: The generation matters too; It’s kind of like the year of a car where the newest version is best. A newer i5 might even outperform an older i7. Look for the newest generation Intel or Ryzen series for current models.

Storage: SSD vs. HDD

Storage is where your computer keeps everything when it’s turned off – your files, programs, and Windows itself.

The Two Main Types:

• SSD (Solid State Drive): Like a super-fast flash drive. Makes your computer start up and load programs quickly
• HDD (Hard Disk Drive): Older, slower, but cheaper for storing lots of files

How Much Storage Do You Need?

• 256GB SSD: Minimum for most users
• 512GB SSD: Comfortable for most people
• 1TB or more: Ideal for storing lots of photos, videos, or games

Pro Tip: If you can afford it, always choose an SSD. It’s the single biggest speed upgrade you can give an older computer.

GPU (Graphics Card): For Visual Heavy Lifting

The GPU handles everything you see on screen. For basic computing, your CPU’s built-in graphics are usually enough. But for gaming, video editing, or running multiple monitors, you’ll want a dedicated GPU.

Common GPU Families:

• NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4060: Good entry-level gaming GPU
• NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4070: Great for serious gaming and content creation
• NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4080/4090: High-end for professional work or maximum gaming performance

Pro Tip: Don’t worry about a dedicated GPU unless you’re gaming, editing videos, or using design software.

Need Help Choosing or Upgrading?

Still not sure what specs you need? Or wondering if your current computer can be upgraded? Our expert technicians can help!